Chinese music

This music consists of a tune (based on the parallel pentatonic scale) with an ostinato accompaniment. Simple percussion sounds can be added. The parallel pentatonic scale helps to create the Chinese flavour in the music. It is made up of the usual pentatonic scale, with a second line of notes running below it (ie lower in pitch). The interval between the scale and the second line is a perfect fourth, except on the note E, where the interval is a third (thus avoiding the use of the note B). An example is provided here:

Preparation

Pupils will need:

Triads:
Gaps indicate deleted notes
CEGD_AEG__ACG_DACE

Method

Distribute the grid sheet to each pupil in the class.

Pupils should decide how many beats they wish to have in a bar. They should complete the Counting row first.

Now distribute the recipe sheet to the class. Pupils are advised to compose a single line (the tune), and then follow the extra guidelines.

On the Triads/ostinato row of their grid, ask pupils to write eight bars of triads, one in each bar, starting and ending on CEG. The triads will not actually be played in the final piece of music, but they should help pupils construct their tune. Ensure that pupils cross out the notes F and B whenever they appear in a triad, since these triads should be based on the pentatonic scale.

Pupils should choose a note from the triad in each bar to use as their start note. These notes should be written in the Tune row of their grid. Remind them that B and F are not available to use because of the parallel pentatonic scale.

Pupils should link the start notes in the Tune row together, based on the top parallel scale, using steps, jumps and same note. Remind them that E to G is a step (as there is no F in the scale), and A to C is a step (as there is no B in the scale).

Ensure pupils make each bar add up to the chosen number of beats.

Once the tune is completed, pupils need to add the correct notes from the parallel pentatonic scale, directly below their tune, in exactly the same rhythm. These notes can be written in the Parallel scale row. For example, below every C, add a G. Below every A, add an E, and so on. The tune may already have a Chinese flavour due to the pentatonic scale. The extra line below makes the flavour very strong.

The triads do not actually sound in the final performance of the music. Instead, pupils should write a bar or two of notes, using the basic pentatonic scale, as an ostinato, played throughout. The Triads/ostinato row can be altered accordingly.

A few percussion sounds can be added to complete the flavour. A simple repetitive rhythm usually works well. This can be recorded in the Percussion row of the grid.

Performance

The music will sound most effective when played on pipe sounds (eg flute, piccolo and panflute). A fiddle is also good. A shakuhachi, a sound found on most keyboards, also works very well. Glockenspiels provide an excellent timbre for Chinese music. For the percussion sounds, use cymbals and/or a drum. Cowbells or wood blocks are also effective.

Examples

An example of this music is provided as an MP3 file, a MIDI file and a score:

Further listening

  • Gilbert, W and Sullivan, A: music from The Mikado (EMI Classics for Pleasure 7243 5 68000 2 1)
  • Music from ‘Japanese Orchestral Favourites’ (Naxos 8.555071)
  • Music by Bright Sheng (Naxos 8.555866)
  • Music by Toro Takemitsu (Naxos 8.555859)